Ubiquitination/ Proteasome - Topoisomerases - IL Receptors - Autophagy
Ubiquitination is a process in targeting proteins for degradation by the proteasome. Ubiquitin (Ub) is a 76 amino acid polypeptide which can be covalently attached to various cellular proteins by the ubiquitination process. This ubiquitin-proteasome system plays a vital role in cell division, growth, differentiation, transcriptional regulation, apoptosis and immunity etc. Three main types of enzymes are involved in the process of ubiquitination. In the first step, activation of ubiquitin is carried out by ubiquitin-activating enzyme (E1) through an ATP-dependent reaction. In the second step, the activated ubiquitin is transferred from E1 to ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme (E2). In the final step, the ubiquitin protein ligase (E3) is required for labeling the ubiquitin to target substrate protein. An isopeptide bond is formed between the carboxyl terminus of ubiquitin and the ε-amino group of a lysine residue in the target protein.
Once the substrate protein is labeled, proteasome will bind to a polyubiquitin chain, allowing the degradation of the labeled protein. The polyubiquitinated target protein is then recognized and degraded by the 26S proteasome. Deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) reverse the process of ubiquitination by removing ubiquitin from its substrate protein. Dysregulation of the ubiquitin-proteasome system has been linked to cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases etc.
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- B2151 STF-62247Target: AutophagySummary: 肾细胞自噬诱导剂
- B5873 Spautin-11 CitationTarget: Deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs)|AutophagySummary: 自噬抑制剂
- A8628 Chloroquine diphosphate1 Citation中文名: 二磷酸氯喹Target: AutophagySummary: 抗疟疾药物,TLR7和TLR9抑制剂
- A4429 Vialinin ATarget: Deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs)|IL Receptors|CCL2Summary: USP/IsoT/UCH-L1 DUB抑制剂
- A2601 Aclacinomycin ATarget: TopoisomerasesSummary: 拓扑异构酶I和II的双重抑制剂