Apoptosis - HDM2 ubiquitin ligase - cysteine protease - PD-1/PD-L1 interaction - iNOS
Apoptosis, also known as programmed cell death, is rigorously controlled process of cell death that leads to phagocytosis of unwanted cell. It is triggered after sufficient cellular damage and activated through extrinsic or intrinsic pathways. The intrinsic pathway is mainly occurs via release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria and regulates mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization by Bcl-2 family proteins. The extrinsic pathway is induced by ligand binding to death receptor, such as Fas, TNFαR, DR3, DR4, and DR5. Caspases then cleave target proteins and nuclear lamins to promote DNA degradation, resulting apoptotic cells undergo phagocytosis. In addition, p53 has the ability to activate intrinsic and extrinsic pathways of apoptosis by inducing transcription of several proteins like Puma, Bid, Bax, TRAIL-R2, and CD95.
Some Inhibitors of apoptosis proteins (IAPs), such as XIAP/BIRC4 and Bruce/BIRC6, can block casapse activity through direct binding, while other IAPs, such as cIAP1/BIRC2, cIAP2/BIRC3, act as ubiquitin ligases that target caspases for ubiquitin-mediated degradation. Apoptosis is essential for growth, development and aging in multicellular organisms. Any alterations or abnormalities occurring in apoptotic processes contribute to development of human diseases, including cancer.
- B6023 PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor 2Target: PD-1/PD-L1 interactionSummary: PD-1/PD-L1相互作用的抑制剂
- A8170 Z-FA-FMKTarget: cysteine proteaseSummary: 半胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂
- A3220 Bardoxolone中文名: 巴多索隆Target: COX|iNOSSummary: 用于治疗慢性肾病,每天一次
- A4204 JNJ-26854165 (Serdemetan)1 CitationTarget: p53|HDM2 ubiquitin ligaseSummary: P53激活剂,阻断Mdm2-p53相互作用。