Chromatin/Epigenetics - Bladder Cancer - Bladder Carcinoma - Neuronal Protection
Epigenetics is the heritable modifications in gene expression that is not associated with changes in DNA sequence. Epigenetic modifications occur mostly on DNA or on the histone octamer. There are several types of epigenetics modifications, DNA methylation by DNA-methyl transferase (DNMT) and covalent modification of histones (e.g. acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation and ubiquitination). Histone acetylation by histone acetyltransferases (HATs) is involved in transcriptional activation, whereas histone deacetylation by histone deacetylases (HDACs) is connected with transcriptional repression. Histone demethylation is associated with lysine-specific demethylase (LSD) and JmjC domain containing histone demethylase (JHDM).
The nucleosome is consisted of four histone proteins (H2A, H2B, H3, and H4), they are primary building block of chromatin. The addition and removal of specific chemical groups refers to as epigenetic marks, it regulates chromatin structure and affects gene expression. Moreover, RNA is intimately involved in the formation of a repressive chromatin state.
Epigenetic mechanism responds to environmental changes at the cellular level and thus influences cellular plasticity. Chromatin and epigenetic regulation play a significant role in the programming of the genome during development and stress response, defects in epigenetics can lead to cancer, inflammation and metabolic disorders etc.
- A1915 Zebularine1 Citation中文名: 泽布拉林Target: DNA Methyltransferases|Cytidine deaminasesSummary: DNA甲基化抑制剂
- A4101 Tubastatin A6 CitationTarget: Histone Deacetylases (HDACs)Summary: HDAC6抑制剂
- A4096 Belinostat (PXD101)2 Citation中文名: 贝利司他Target: Histone Deacetylases (HDACs)Summary: 羟肟酸型HDAC抑制剂
- A8182 3-Deazaneplanocin A (DZNep) hydrochloride1 Citation中文名: 3-去氮腺嘌呤A盐酸盐Target: EZH2Summary: SAHH和EZH2抑制剂