NADP+ (sodium salt hydrate)

NADP⁺ (sodium salt hydrate) is the oxidized form of the electron donor, reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) [1].

NADP⁺ and NADPH are two fundamental common mediators involved in many biological processes, such as energy metabolism, mitochondrial functions, calcium homeostasis, antioxidation/generation of oxidative stress, gene expression, immunological functions, aging, and cell death. NADP⁺ and NADPH are mainly used by the enzymes that catalyze substrate reduction [1].

In cell extracts of human heteroploid cell lines HeLa and T-9, addition of NADP⁺ at 10^-3 M stabilized glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase [2]. In air-dried and intact cells of Gluconobacter suboxydans, increasing concentrations of NADP⁺, up to 10 μmol/ml, led to increased NADPH production. However, NADP⁺ at concentrations more than 50 μmol/ml did not increase or markedly decrease the production of NADPH, which was considered to be due to acidification of the reaction mixture on the addition of a high concentration of free NADP⁺ and also on the formation of a large amount of gluconic acid via gluconolactone [3].

References:

[1]. Ying W. NAD⁺/NADH and NADP⁺/NADPH in cellular functions and cell death: regulation and biological consequences. Antioxidants & Redox Signaling, 2008, 10(2): 179-206.

[2]. Alekseev S B, Mamaev V B, Zgurskii A A, et al. Stability of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in human cells cultivated in vitro. Biokhimiia, 1979, 44(6): 1093-1100.

[3]. Izumi Y , Nath P K , Yamamoto H , et al. NADPH production from NADP⁺ with a glucose dehydrogenase system involving whole cells and immobilized cells of Gluconobacter suboxydans. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 1989, 30(4): 337-342.