Description:IC50 Value: observed at 72 hr were as follows: 66.9 uM, Hep3B cells; 74.36 uM, HepG2 cells; and 101.5 uM, Huh7 cells [1].Emodin (1,3,8-trihydroxy-6-methylanthraquinone) is a naturally occurring anthraquinone present in the roots and barks of numerous plants, molds, and lichens, and an active ingredient of various Chinese herbs. Emodin exerts antiproliferative effects in cancer cells that are regulated by different signaling pathways.in vitro: At 6h after emodin treatment, the levels of GDF15, CYP1A1, CYP1B1, and CYR61 were upregulated [1]. Emodin increased the resting tension of gallbladder smooth muscle strips and inhibited voltage-dependent K(+) current in a dose-dependent manner. When 10 microM emodin was applied to gallbladder smooth muscle cells for 3-6 min., the amplitude of voltage-dependent K(+) current was decreased by 31.5 +/- 0.5% at +40 mV, and this inhibitory effect mostly recovered after washout [2].in vivo: Emodin treatment significantly alleviated the severity of the disease, based on the reduced hind paw swelling and clinical scores, compared with untreated CIA mice. Comparing with untreated CIA mice, emodin treatment inhibited the levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in the plasma, PGE2 production, and COX-2 protein expression in synovial tissues in a dose manner [3].Clinical trial: N/A