Progesterone

黄体激素（孕酮）是一种用于维持妊娠、月经周期、子宫内膜及其受体功能的关键激素[1]。

孕酮在建立胚胎植入子宫感受性中发挥重要作用。与核孕酮受体配合，孕酮能够阻尼E2和BPA对Egr1表达的影响[2]。用小鼠黑色素瘤 (B16F10)细胞和人黑色素瘤(BLM)细胞测试时，孕酮治疗能够显著地抑制小鼠黑色素瘤细胞生长[ 3 ] 。在MCF-7细胞中，孕酮以RANKL依赖的方式激活GLI-1 以调节雌激素诱导的乳腺癌[ 4 ]。

用大鼠测试时(从受孕17天开始皮下孕酮或花生油预处理5 天及对照)，孕酮(400和500 μg每天)治疗增强阿片样物质抑制的母性行为[ 1 ]。

孕酮通过调控Akt的磷酸化，具有神经保护作用，而Akt在促进脑内细胞生长中起关键作用。为了评估孕酮对Akt 磷酸化的作用，用颅骨闭合创伤性脑损伤C57BL/6 小鼠测试时，与创伤性脑损伤赋形剂处理组相比，孕酮治疗后海马区中的Akt 磷酸化增加[ 5 ]。用雌鼠测试时，孕酮治疗非对称地调控嗅球中GABA (A)受体α4 亚基的表达[ 6 ]。

参考文献：
[1].  Cruz, A.M., M.H. Sukikara, and F.F. L, Late pregnancy progesterone treatment as a modulatory signal for postpartum behavior. Pharmacol Biochem Behav, 2014. 27(14): p. 00348-7.
[2].  Kim, H.R., et al., Egr1 is rapidly and transiently induced by estrogen and bisphenol A via activation of nuclear estrogen receptor-dependent ERK1/2 pathway in the uterus. Reprod Toxicol, 2014. 50: p. 60-7.
[3].  Ramaraj, P. and J.L. Cox, In vitro effect of progesterone on human melanoma (BLM) cell growth. Int J Clin Exp Med, 2014. 7(11): p. 3941-53.
[4].  Boopalan, T., et al., RANKL signaling promotes progesterone mediated estrogen induced mammary carcinogenesis. Cancer Sci, 2014. 21(10): p. 12571.
[5].  Garling, R.J., et al., Does progesterone show neuroprotective effects on traumatic brain injury through increasing phosphorylation of Akt in the hippocampus Neural Regen Res, 2014. 9(21): p. 1891-6.
[6].  Arbo, B.D., et al., Asymmetric effects of low doses of progesterone on GABA(A) receptor alpha4 subunit protein expression in the olfactory bulb of female rats. Can J Physiol Pharmacol, 2014. 92(12): p. 1045-9.