survivin (baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 5) (21-28)

生存素（杆状病毒含IAP重复凋亡抑制蛋白5）是来源于杆状病毒的细胞凋亡抑制剂，含有IAP repeat蛋白5，属于IAP基因家族，参与抑制细胞凋亡和调节有丝分裂。与健康组织相比，生存素是肿瘤组织中最均匀上调的基因之一。在多种类型癌细胞中，生存素的在原发肿瘤中的高表达与患者不良的预后反应相关，例如神经母细胞瘤3、大肠癌4、非小细胞肺癌5、B细胞白血病6、T细胞白血病7、肝细胞癌、食道癌、直肠癌、神经胶质瘤、膀胱癌、软组织肉瘤以及星形细胞瘤。

通过定量RT-PCR可以测定原发肿瘤中生存素mRNA的表达，测量发现在人类乳腺癌中，生存素具有强大的和独立的预后价值。生存素mRNA的浓度可用于将乳腺癌患者的不同风险进行分类8。过表达生存素的细胞，对凋亡信号的激活没有应答反应，针对细胞毒性治疗具有更强的抗性9。

参考文献：

1.Altieri DC. Validating survivin as a cancer therapeutic target. Nat Rev Cancer 2003; 3:46 –54.

2.Velculescu VE, Madden SL, Zhang L, Lash AE, Yu J, Rago C, et al. Analysis of human transcriptomes. Nat Genet 1999; 23:387–8.

3.Adida C, Berrebi D, Peuchmaur M, Reyes-Mugica M, Altieri DC. Anti-apoptosis gene, survivin, and prognosis of neuroblastoma. Lancet 1998; 351:882–3.

4.Kawasaki H, Altieri DC, Lu CD, Toyoda M, Tenjo T, Tanigawa N. Inhibition of apoptosis by survivin predicts shorter survival rates in colorectal cancer. Cancer Res 1998; 58:5071–4.

5.Monzo M, Rosell R, Felip E, Astudillo J, Sanchez JJ, Maestre J, et al. A novel anti-apoptosis gene: Re-expression of survivin messenger RNA as a prognosis marker in non-small-cell lung cancers. J Clin Oncol 1999; 17:2100 –4.

6.Adida C, Haioun C, Gaulard P, Lepage E, Morel P, Briere J, et al. Prognostic significance of survivin expression in diffuse large B-cell lymphomas. Blood 2000; 96:1921–5.

7.Nakayama K, Kamihira S. Survivin an important determinant for prognosis in adult T-cell leukemia: a novel biomarker in practical hemato-oncology. Leuk Lymphoma 2002; 43:2249 –55.

8.Paul N. Span, Fred C.G.J. Sweep et al. Survivin Is an Independent Prognostic Marker for Risk Stratification of Breast Cancer Patients. Clinical Chemistry 50:11; 1986 –1993 (2004)

9.Zaffaroni N, Daidone MG. Survivin expression and resistance to anticancer treatments: perspectives for new therapeutic interventions. Drug Resist Updat 2002; 5:65–72.