Hydroxychloroquine Sulfate

Hydroxychloroquine Sulfate is a synthetic quinine derivative commonly used as an antimalarial drug.1 It is also useful in managing systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, and other diseases. Also acts as an inhibitor of autophagy and toll-like receptor 7/9(TLR7/9)[1-3].

Five micromolar Hydroxychloroquine sulfate or chloroquine also has no measurable effect on intracellular pH, although these concentrations can inhibit TLR9 or 7 signaling induced by DNA or RNA ligands[4].

Hydroxychloroquine sulfate is prescribed for the treatment of lupus, and both Hydroxychloroquine sulfate and its analog chloroquine inhibit TLR7 and 9 signaling[4].

References:

[1]. Ben-Zvi I, Kivity S, Langevitz P, et al. Hydroxychloroquine: From Malaria to Autoimmunity. Clin. Rev. Allergy Immunol, 2012, 42(2): 145-153.

[2]. Yildirim-Toruner C, Diamond B. Current and novel therapeutics in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 2011, 127(2): 303-312.

[3]. Swierkot J, and Szechinski J. Methotrexate in rheumatoid arthritis. Pharmacol. Rep, 2006, 58(4): 473-492.

[4]. Lamphier M, et al. Novel small molecule inhibitors of TLR7 and TLR9: mechanism of action and efficacy in vivo. Mol Pharmacol, 2014, 85(3): 429-40.