Immunology/Inflammation
The innate immune system is triggered when microbial pathogens are targeted by pattern recognition receptors such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs) that recognize the pathogen-associated molecular patterns. The activated TLRs initiate a cascade of interaction between various intracellular signaling adaptors including MyD88, IRAKs, and TRAF6, resulting the activation of the MAP kinase, NF-κB, and IRF signaling pathways, which mediate inflammation through the production of inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, type I IFN, and antimicrobial peptides.
The adaptive immune system consists of B and T lymphocytes which mediate humoral immunity (e.g. antibody response) and cell-mediated immunity, respectively. B cell receptor and T cell receptor signaling is responsible for activation of Src family tyrosine kinases, such as Blk, Fyn, and Lyn in B cells and Fyn and Lck in T cells, resulting phosphorylation of the receptor-associated ITAM motifs. Phosphorylated ITAMs serve as the docking sites for Syk family tyrosine kinases, e.g. Syk in B cells and Zap-70 in T cells. Activated Syk kinases then propagate the signals via phosphorylation of downstream proteins. Furthermore, lymphocyte receptor signaling facilitates B and T cell development, differentiation, proliferation and survival.
- A1071 immunoglobulin light chain variable region fragment [Homo sapiens]Summary: 免疫球蛋白轻链片段
- A1070 IgG light chain variable region [Homo sapiens]/IgM/kappa antibody [Mus musculus]Summary: IgG轻链区
- A1069 ferritin heavy chain fragment [Multiple species]Summary: 铁蛋白重链片段
- A1065 egg white lysozyme (19-36) [Gallus gallus]Summary: 溶解细胞壁
- C7195 Propyphenazone (4-Isopropylantipyrine)中文名: 异丙安替比林
- C7140 Phenidone中文名: 菲尼酮
- C7120 3,4-Dimethoxycinnamic acid中文名: 3,4-二甲氧基肉桂酸
- C7066 S-Methyl-L-cysteine中文名: S-甲基-L-半胱氨酸
- C6864 Veratric acid中文名: 藜芦酸
- C6861 Syringaldehyde中文名: 丁香醛