Immunology/Inflammation
The innate immune system is triggered when microbial pathogens are targeted by pattern recognition receptors such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs) that recognize the pathogen-associated molecular patterns. The activated TLRs initiate a cascade of interaction between various intracellular signaling adaptors including MyD88, IRAKs, and TRAF6, resulting the activation of the MAP kinase, NF-κB, and IRF signaling pathways, which mediate inflammation through the production of inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, type I IFN, and antimicrobial peptides.
The adaptive immune system consists of B and T lymphocytes which mediate humoral immunity (e.g. antibody response) and cell-mediated immunity, respectively. B cell receptor and T cell receptor signaling is responsible for activation of Src family tyrosine kinases, such as Blk, Fyn, and Lyn in B cells and Fyn and Lck in T cells, resulting phosphorylation of the receptor-associated ITAM motifs. Phosphorylated ITAMs serve as the docking sites for Syk family tyrosine kinases, e.g. Syk in B cells and Zap-70 in T cells. Activated Syk kinases then propagate the signals via phosphorylation of downstream proteins. Furthermore, lymphocyte receptor signaling facilitates B and T cell development, differentiation, proliferation and survival.
- A1121 Melanocyte stimulating hormone release inhibiting factorSummary: 促黑素释放抑制因子
- B5915 Cyclosporin DSummary: 免疫抑制剂
- A1024 LEP (116-130) (mouse)Summary: 抗肥胖激素
- A1142 hemagglutinin precursor (114-122) amide [Influenza A virus]Summary: 部分抗原性糖蛋白
- A1141 hemagglutinin (332-340) [Influenza A virus]Summary: 部分抗原糖蛋白
- A1093 transferrin fragmentSummary: 转铁蛋白片段
- A1082 ovalbumin (324-338) [Gallus gallus]/[Coturnix coturnix]Summary: 引发免疫反应。
- A1081 MHC class II antigen (45-57) [Homo sapiens]Summary: 主要组织相容性复合体
- A1073 Immunoglobulin M heavy chain (IGHM) fragment [Homo sapiens]Summary: 免疫球蛋白M重链片段
- A1072 immunoglobulin light chain variable region fragment [Homo sapiens]/[Mus musculus]Summary: 免疫球蛋白轻链片段