N1-Methylpseudouridine

N1-Methylpseudouridine is a modified nucleoside used for enhancing mRNA translation. Incorporation of N1-Methylpseudouridine into mRNA turns off the immune/eIF2α phosphorylation-dependent inhibition of translation, and increases ribosome pausing and density on the mRNA, thus dramatically facilitating the translation process. N1-Methylpseudouridine outperforms several other modified nucleosides (e.g. 5-Methylcytidine) and corresponding combinations in terms of translation capacity.

References:

1. Svitkin YV, Cheng YM, Chakraborty T, et al. N1-methyl-pseudouridine in mRNA enhances translation through eIF2α-dependent and independent mechanisms by increasing ribosome density. Nucleic Acids Research, 2017, 45(10): 6023-6036.

2. Andries O, Mc Cafferty S, De Smedt SC, et al N(1)-methylpseudouridine-incorporated mRNA outperforms pseudouridine-incorporated mRNA by providing enhanced protein expression and reduced immunogenicity in mammalian cell lines and mice. Journal of Controlled Release, 2015, 217: 337-344.