Recombinant Human CD40 Ligand, Tag Free

The cluster of differentiation (CD) system is commonly used as cell markers in immunophynotyping. Different kinds of cells in the immune system can be identified through the surface CD molecules which associating with the immune function of the cell. There are more than 32 CD unique clusters and subclusters have been identified. Some of the CD molecules serve as receptors or ligands important to the cell through initiating a signal cascade which then alter the behavior of the cell. Some CD proteins do not take part in cell signal process but have other functions such as cell adhesion. CD154, also known as CD4 ligand or CD4L, is a member of the TNF superfamily. While CD154 was originally found on T cell surface, its expression has since been found on a wide variety of cells, including platelets, mast cells, macrophages and NK cells. CD154's ability is achieved through binding to the CD4 on antigen- presenting cells (APC). In the macrophage cells, the primary signal for activation is IFN-γ from Th1 type CD4 T cells. The secondary signal is CD4L on the T cell, which interacting with the CD4 molecules, helping increase the level of activation.

参考文献：

1. Zola H, Swart B, Banham A, Barry S, Beare A, Bensussan A, Boumsell L, D Buckley C, Bühring HJ, Clark G, Engel P, Fox D, Jin BQ, Macardle PJ, Malavasi F, Mason D, Stockinger H, Yang X. CD molecules 2006--human cell differentiation molecules. J Immunol Methods. 2007 Jan 30;319(1-2):1-5. doi: 10.1016/j.jim.2006.11.001. Epub 2006 Dec 4. PMID: 17174972.
2. Ho IC, Tai TS, Pai SY. GATA3 and the T-cell lineage: essential functions before and after T-helper-2-cell differentiation. Nat Rev Immunol. 2009 Feb;9(2):125-35. doi: 10.1038/nri2476. PMID: 19151747; PMCID: PMC2998182.
3. Matesanz-Isabel J, Sintes J, Llinàs L, de Salort J, Lázaro A, Engel P. New B-cell CD molecules. Immunol Lett. 2011 Jan 30;134(2):104-12. doi: 10.1016/j.imlet.2010.09.019. Epub 2010 Oct 7. PMID: 20933010.