Apoptosis
Apoptosis, also known as programmed cell death, is rigorously controlled process of cell death that leads to phagocytosis of unwanted cell. It is triggered after sufficient cellular damage and activated through extrinsic or intrinsic pathways. The intrinsic pathway is mainly occurs via release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria and regulates mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization by Bcl-2 family proteins. The extrinsic pathway is induced by ligand binding to death receptor, such as Fas, TNFαR, DR3, DR4, and DR5. Caspases then cleave target proteins and nuclear lamins to promote DNA degradation, resulting apoptotic cells undergo phagocytosis. In addition, p53 has the ability to activate intrinsic and extrinsic pathways of apoptosis by inducing transcription of several proteins like Puma, Bid, Bax, TRAIL-R2, and CD95.
Some Inhibitors of apoptosis proteins (IAPs), such as XIAP/BIRC4 and Bruce/BIRC6, can block casapse activity through direct binding, while other IAPs, such as cIAP1/BIRC2, cIAP2/BIRC3, act as ubiquitin ligases that target caspases for ubiquitin-mediated degradation. Apoptosis is essential for growth, development and aging in multicellular organisms. Any alterations or abnormalities occurring in apoptotic processes contribute to development of human diseases, including cancer.
- C6880 Vanillyl alcohol
- C6591 Taurochenodeoxycholic acid sodium salt中文名: 牛磺鹅去氧胆酸钠盐
- C6526 Diatrizoate sodium中文名: 泛影酸钠
- A1902 Z-VAD-FMK102 CitationTarget: CaspasesSummary: Pan-Caspase抑制剂。
- C5685 7BIOSummary: caspase非依赖性的非凋亡性细胞死亡诱导剂
- C5667 Se-AspirinSummary: 非甾体抗炎药
- C5565 F16Summary: 潜在的抗肿瘤剂
- C5715 NK 252Summary: Nrf2激活剂
- C5358 ML-291Summary: 凋亡诱导剂
- C4981 Z-Asp-CH2-DCBSummary: caspase抑制剂