Metabolism - Cell Experiments
Glucose metabolism plays a significant role in cell proliferation, growth, survival, and tumorgenesis. Hormones such as insulin regulate the maintenance of glucose homeostasis. Insulin binding to the insulin receptor (IR) activates the insulin receptor substrate (IRS) protein, followed by the activation of PI3K/Akt and Erk1/2 signaling pathways, leads to the translocation of Glut4 vesicles, glucose uptake, cell proliferation and survival. Abnormal insulin signaling is implicated in diabetes, obesity, atherosclerosis and neurodegenerative disease etc.
Serine/threonine kinase AMPK upregulates glucose uptake by promoting the expression and function of glucose transporters. AMPK is activated by increased AMP/ATP ratio, resulting from cellular and environmental stress, e.g. low glucose, heat shock, hypoxia and ischemia. AMPK activation positively modulates signaling transductions that refill ATP levels. Moreover, it also stimulates catabolic processes such as fatty acid oxidation and glycolysis through inhibition of ACC and activation of PFK2. AMPK negatively regulates various proteins which are important to ATP-consuming mechanisms, e.g. mTORC2, glycogen synthase, SREBP-1, and TSC2, causing the downregulation/inhibition of gluconeogenesis and glycogen, lipid and protein synthesis.
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- A8704 Stiripentol中文名: 司替戊醇Target: Lactate Dehydrogenases (LDH)Summary: LDH抑制剂
- C5414 TPPUTarget: epoxide hydrolaseSummary: 人和小鼠sEH的有效抑制剂
- B6121 3-Deazaadenosine中文名: 3-脱氮腺苷Target: S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolaseSummary: S-腺苷高半胱氨酸(SAH)水解酶抑制剂
- B6095 RSL31 CitationTarget: glutathione peroxidase 4Summary: 谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶4抑制剂
- B6062 Manumycin A中文名: 手霉素ASummary: 法尼基转移酶抑制剂
- B6036 INCB-024360中文名: 艾卡哚司他Target: IDOSummary: 强效的IDO1抑制剂
- B5963 7-Ethoxyresorufin中文名: 乙氧基试卤灵,7-乙氧基-3H-吩恶嗪-3-酮Target: Cytochrome P450 (CYP450)Summary: CYP1A特异性底物
- B5823 LP533401 hclTarget: TphSummary: Tph-1抑制剂
- B4987 Liproxstatin-11 CitationSummary: Ferroptosis的强效抑制剂
- B4929 GSK 2837808ATarget: Lactate Dehydrogenases (LDH)Summary: 乳酸脱氢酶A(LDHA)抑制剂