Immunology/Inflammation
The innate immune system is triggered when microbial pathogens are targeted by pattern recognition receptors such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs) that recognize the pathogen-associated molecular patterns. The activated TLRs initiate a cascade of interaction between various intracellular signaling adaptors including MyD88, IRAKs, and TRAF6, resulting the activation of the MAP kinase, NF-κB, and IRF signaling pathways, which mediate inflammation through the production of inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, type I IFN, and antimicrobial peptides.
The adaptive immune system consists of B and T lymphocytes which mediate humoral immunity (e.g. antibody response) and cell-mediated immunity, respectively. B cell receptor and T cell receptor signaling is responsible for activation of Src family tyrosine kinases, such as Blk, Fyn, and Lyn in B cells and Fyn and Lck in T cells, resulting phosphorylation of the receptor-associated ITAM motifs. Phosphorylated ITAMs serve as the docking sites for Syk family tyrosine kinases, e.g. Syk in B cells and Zap-70 in T cells. Activated Syk kinases then propagate the signals via phosphorylation of downstream proteins. Furthermore, lymphocyte receptor signaling facilitates B and T cell development, differentiation, proliferation and survival.
- A1052 alpha-1 antitrypsin fragment 235-243 [Homo sapiens]/[Papio hamadryas]/[Cercopithecus aethiops]Summary: 蛋白酶抑制剂
- A1051 alpha-1 antitrypsin fragmentSummary: 蛋白酶抑制剂
- A1030 Interleukin II (60-70)Summary: 细胞因子,调节白细胞。
- A1027 β-Interleukin II (44-56)Summary: 细胞因子,调节白细胞。
- A1026 β-Interleukin I (163-171), humanSummary: T细胞激活剂
- A1025 a-MSH, amide中文名: α-黑素细胞刺激激素 (MSH),酰胺Summary: 促黑素细胞激素
- A1010 Myelopeptide-2 (MP-2)Summary: 用于恢复人T淋巴细胞的多肽。
- A1008 Anti-Inflammatory Peptide 1Summary: PLA2抑制剂
- A1131 COG 133Summary: 载脂蛋白E(ApoE)模拟肽
- B7905 N-Acetylneuraminic acid中文名: 唾液酸Summary: Human Endogenous Metabolite