Apoptosis
Apoptosis, also known as programmed cell death, is rigorously controlled process of cell death that leads to phagocytosis of unwanted cell. It is triggered after sufficient cellular damage and activated through extrinsic or intrinsic pathways. The intrinsic pathway is mainly occurs via release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria and regulates mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization by Bcl-2 family proteins. The extrinsic pathway is induced by ligand binding to death receptor, such as Fas, TNFαR, DR3, DR4, and DR5. Caspases then cleave target proteins and nuclear lamins to promote DNA degradation, resulting apoptotic cells undergo phagocytosis. In addition, p53 has the ability to activate intrinsic and extrinsic pathways of apoptosis by inducing transcription of several proteins like Puma, Bid, Bax, TRAIL-R2, and CD95.
Some Inhibitors of apoptosis proteins (IAPs), such as XIAP/BIRC4 and Bruce/BIRC6, can block casapse activity through direct binding, while other IAPs, such as cIAP1/BIRC2, cIAP2/BIRC3, act as ubiquitin ligases that target caspases for ubiquitin-mediated degradation. Apoptosis is essential for growth, development and aging in multicellular organisms. Any alterations or abnormalities occurring in apoptotic processes contribute to development of human diseases, including cancer.
- C4962 Psoralidin中文名: 补骨脂定Summary: 凋亡诱导剂
- C4832 Maslinic Acid中文名: 山楂酸Summary: NO、H2O2、IL-6和TNF-α的抑制剂
- C5528 Ac-DEVD-CMKSummary: 细胞可渗透和不可逆的caspase抑制剂
- C5524 Ac-DEVD-AFCSummary: 活性caspase-3的荧光底物
- C5104 p-nitro-Cyclic Pifithrin-αSummary: p53的失活剂
- C4840 GN25Summary: p53-Snail结合抑制剂
- C4733 Sulforaphane中文名: 萝卜硫素Summary: 通过Keap1-Nrf2信号传导的化学预防酶诱导剂
- C4354 CDDO-TFEASummary: Nrf2激活剂
- C4468 NS3694Summary: 抑制凋亡体形成和caspase激活
- C4403 (±)-Jasmonic Acid methyl esterSummary: 抑制增殖并诱导凋亡