Aprotinin
mRNA synthesis
In vitro transcription of capped mRNA with modified nucleotides and Poly(A) tail
Tyramide Signal Amplification (TSA)
TSA (Tyramide Signal Amplification), used for signal amplification of ISH, IHC and IC etc.
Phos Binding Reagent Acrylamide
Separation of phosphorylated and non-phosphorylated proteins without phospho-specific antibody
Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8)
A convenient and sensitive way for cell proliferation assay and cytotoxicity assay
SYBR Safe DNA Gel Stain
Safe and sensitive stain for visualization of DNA or RNA in agarose or acrylamide gels.
Inhibitor Cocktails
Protect the integrity of proteins from multiple proteases and phosphatases for different applications.
Aprotinin是一种天然存在的丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂,可以拯救生命,降低中风和重复手术中大量出血的风险 [1,2,3]。
Aprotinin的使用可以增加血清肌酐水平翻倍的患者比例,但并没有显著增加肾功能衰竭的风险或进行术后肾脏替代的需要。死亡的判决并不是由于aprotinin的使用而造成的肾功能衰竭。Brown及其同事的Meta分析结果显示高剂量aprotinin的肾衰竭具有不显著的相对风险[4]。
尽管aprotinin比其它活性剂可能更有效地控制止血,但只有一个可能的趋势表明aprotinin可减少大量出血。Aprotinin的使用只可能改善重复手术,且大部分血液通过胸管损失(手术的一个主要指征)所造成的大量出血。Aprotinin似乎并不能防止大量出血患者的大量出血或挽救他们的生命。
Aprotinin对死亡率的不利效应可能也存在于健康患者中,那些65岁以下的,在手术期间没有共存疾病的患者。尽管aprotinin具有适度减少大量出血风险的可能性,但与赖氨酸类似物相比,aprotinin具有强烈的和一致的负死亡率,排除其在经受高风险心脏手术的患者中的使用[5]。
参考文献:
1. Henry DA, Carless PA, Moxey AJ, et al. Anti-fibrinolytic use for minimising perioperative allogeneic blood transfusion. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2007;4:CD001886.
2. Levi M, Cromheecke ME, de Jonge E, et al. Pharmacological strategies to decrease excessive blood loss in cardiac surgery: a meta-analysis of clinically relevant endpoints. Lancet 1999;354:1940-7.
3. Sedrakyan A, Treasure T, Elefteriades JA. Effect of aprotinin on clinical outcomes in coronary artery bypass graft surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2004;128:442-8.
4. Brown JR, Birkmeyer NJ, O’Connor GT. Meta-analysis comparing the effectiveness and adverse outcomes of antifibrinolytic agents in cardiac surgery. Circulation 2007;115:2801-13.
5. Dean A. Fergusson, Paul C. Hébert et al, A Comparison of Aprotinin and Lysine Analogues in High-Risk Cardiac Surgery, N Engl J Med 2008; 358:2319-2331
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- 3. Sebastian Himbert, Angelo D'Alessandro, et al. "The bending rigidity of the red blood cell cytoplasmic membrane." PLoS One. 2022 Aug 1;17(8):e0269619. PMID: 35913930
- 4. Sebastian Himbert, Syed M Qadri, et al. "Blood bank storage of red blood cells increases RBC cytoplasmic membrane order and bending rigidity." PLoS One. 2021 Nov 12;16(11):e0259267. PMID: 34767588
- 5. Angelo D'Alessandro, Tiffany Thomas, et al. "Biological and Clinical Factors Contributing to the Metabolic Heterogeneity of Hospitalized Patients with and without COVID-19." Cells. 2021 Sep 2;10(9):2293. PMID: 34571942
- 6. HeLia, GuanghuiDanga, et al. "Characterization of a novel Mycobacterium tuberculosis serine protease (Rv3194c) activity and pathogenicity." Tuberculosis. Available online 4 November 2019, 101880.
- 7. Ying Long, Xuri Zhang, et al. "Initial events in the breakthrough of the epithelial barrier of the small intestine by Angiostrongylus cantonensis." Arch Biol Sci. 2016; 68 (2): 375-383.
Physical Appearance | A solid |
Storage | Store at 2-8°C |
M.Wt | 6511.44 |
Cas No. | 9087-70-1 |
Formula | C284H432N84O79S7 |
Synonyms | Aprotinin,Trypsin inhibitor (basic) |
Solubility | ≥195 mg/mL in H2O; insoluble in DMSO; insoluble in EtOH |
Canonical SMILES | CC(O)=O.CC.CC.CCccC.[R].[P].[2H].[L].[E].[P].[P].[Y].[3H].[G].[KH].[R].[R].[Y].F.[Y].[*].[L].F.[V].[Y].[G].[G].[R].[KH].[R].N.N.F.[KH].S.[*].[2H].[R].[G].[G].[*].[KH].[*].[3H].C.[*].F.[P].[*].I.I.N.[Q].[3H].[M] |
运输条件 | 蓝冰运输或根据您的需求运输。 |
一般建议 | 不同厂家不同批次产品溶解度各有差异,仅做参考。若实验所需浓度过大至产品溶解极限,请添加助溶剂助溶或自行调整浓度。溶液形式一般不宜长期储存,请尽快用完。 |
细胞实验[1]: | |
细胞系 |
HUVEC细胞 |
溶解方法 |
该化合物在DMSO中的溶解度大于10 mM。若配制更高浓度的溶液,一般步骤如下:请将试管置于37℃加热10分钟和/或将其置于超声波浴中震荡一段时间。原液于-20℃可放置数月 |
反应条件 |
1600 kIU/mL,60 min |
实验结果 |
Aprotinin以剂量依赖性的方式抑制TNF-α诱导的ICAM-1和VCAM-1表达,但不抑制E-选择素的表达。 |
动物实验[2]: | |
动物模型 |
3至4月龄的雄性Albino Wistar大鼠 |
剂量 |
使用50 mg/kg氯胺酮麻醉大鼠,并用12 mmHg气腹处理4小时,此外较低剂量的氯胺酮腹膜内给药直到气腹结束,维持麻醉状态。气腹开始后腹膜内给予28000 KIU/kg的aprotinin,随后使用较低的维持剂量(7500 KIU/kg),每小时施用直至终止。脾脏再灌注期需持续60或180分钟。 |
实验结果 |
Aprotinin导致所有组织(肝、小肠和肺)中几种细胞因子和标记物(TNF-α、IL-6、内皮素1、C反应蛋白、PAB和羰基蛋白)氧化应激减少。 |
注意事项 |
请测试所有化合物在室内的溶解度,实际溶解度和理论值可能略有不同。这是由实验系统的误差引起的,属于正常现象。 |
References: [1] Asimakopoulos G, Lidington E A, Mason J, et al. Effect of aprotinin on endothelial cell activation. The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery, 2001, 122(1): 123-128. [2] Baltatzis M, Pavlidis T E, Ouroumidis O, et al. Aprotinin reduces oxidative stress induced by pneumoperitoneum in rats. Journal of Surgical Research, 2014, 189(2): 238-248. |
描述 | Aprotinin(抑肽酶)是牛胰蛋白酶的抑制剂(BPTI)。 | |||||
靶点 | bovine pancreatic trypsin | |||||
IC50 |